Diabetes Mellitus is a growing health problem globally. Millions of people live with this chronic disease, and many more are at risk of developing it due to lifestyle changes. In this article, we will explore its causes, symptoms, complications, and management strategies in detail.
1. Diabetes Mellitus: Causes, Symptoms, and Management
Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose (sugar) levels over a prolonged period. It occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. If left untreated, it can lead to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves
Types of Diabetes
1. Type 1 Diabetes – An autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin. It often appears in childhood or adolescence.
2. Type 2 Diabetes – The most common form, usually seen in adults. It occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't make enough of it.
3. Gestational Diabetes – Occurs during pregnancy and usually disappears after childbirth, but increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later
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Causes and Risk Factors
Genetic predisposition
Unheal
thy diet (high in sugar and fats)
Physical inactivity
Obesity
Family history of diabetes
Age (over 40 years increases risk)
Ethnic background (more common in Africans, Asians)
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Signs and Symptoms
Frequent urination
Excessive thirst and hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue and weakness
Blurred vision
Slow wound healing
Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
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Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through blood tests:
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
HbA1c test (reflects average glucose over 3 months)
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Management
There is no permanent cure, but diabetes can be controlled through:
Medication (e.g., insulin, metformin)
Diet control (low sugar, high fiber)
Regular exercise
Routine blood sugar monitoring
Avoiding alcohol and smoking
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Complications if Untreated
Heart disease
Kidney failure
Blindness (diabetic retinopathy)
Neuropathy
Limb amputation
Stroke
---Prevention Tips
Maintain healthy body weight
Eat balanced meals regularly
Engage in at least 30 minutes of exercise daily
Go for routine health checks, especially if you have a family history
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Conclusion. Diabetes is a manageable condition if diagnosed early and treated properly. Education, lifestyle modification, and support are key to improving the quality of life for people with diabetes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: Can diabetes be cured permanently?
A1: Currently, there is no permanent cure, but it can be managed effectively through medication and lifestyle changes.
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